Prepared Piano

tagStarted 1938Peak 1940–1955Last big hit still active

Located in 2 routes

Prepared Piano alters the instrument by placing screws, bolts, rubber, coins, erasers, weather stripping, or other objects between or on the strings, turning a piano into a miniature percussion orchestra. The sound can be gamelan-like, metallic, muted, woody, buzzing, bell-like, or dryly rhythmic, with familiar keyboard gestures producing radically unfamiliar timbres.

History

John Cage developed the prepared piano in the late 1930s for dance accompaniment when a full percussion ensemble was impractical, and Sonatas and Interludes became the style's landmark cycle. The technique influenced postwar experimental music, percussion writing, chance procedures, theater pieces, avant-garde jazz, and contemporary keyboard practice, while performers such as Margaret Leng Tan, John Tilbury, Boris Berman, Joshua Pierce, and others built a repertory around Cage and later composers.

Defining artists

Essential listening

← Explore Classical / Orchestral

Sources

  • Grove Music Online
  • James Pritchett, The Music of John Cage
  • David Nicholls, American Experimental Music
  • Oxford Music Online